Structured Input:
One activity/ exercise presents one thing;
Keep meaning in focus;
Activities move from sentences to connected discourse;
Activities involve both oral and written input;
Activities require learners "do something" with the input;
Structured Output:
One activity presents one thing at a time;
Keep meaning in focus;
Activities move from sentences to connected discourse;
Activities involve both oral and written output;
Require others respond to the content of the output;
Learners have some knowldege of the form or structure.
2010年2月11日星期四
2010年2月9日星期二
母语和第二外语习得的阶段
母语习得于第二外语习得的过程有所不同:
母语习得一般是片状发展,然后上升.即对社会生活的各方面的了解和表达在开始使用语言后都有所习得,之后随着至深的深度不断加深而对各种各类知识的理解和表达能力不断加强.
而对于第二外语细得者来说,他们是重点是学习.即某一阶段对某几个话题进行学习,形成一些知识点,之后各知识点不断向外延伸,最终所有的知识点延伸区交接从而形成比较系统和完整的知识面.
母语习得一般是片状发展,然后上升.即对社会生活的各方面的了解和表达在开始使用语言后都有所习得,之后随着至深的深度不断加深而对各种各类知识的理解和表达能力不断加强.
而对于第二外语细得者来说,他们是重点是学习.即某一阶段对某几个话题进行学习,形成一些知识点,之后各知识点不断向外延伸,最终所有的知识点延伸区交接从而形成比较系统和完整的知识面.
2010年2月1日星期一
Five Second Language Teaching methods
Grammer-Translation Method
Use L1 as teaching language. Pay attention to equivelant translation between L1 and L2.
Emphase prammatical rules and literary language, believing that literary language is superior to spoken language.
Emphase correct answer and memorizing vocabulory as well as paradigms.
Direct Method
Use L2 as teaching language. Use realia, pictures and panthomime to demostrate new words.
Focus on pronunciation and vocabulary but grammer is not considered very important.
Speech exercise is more important than writing exercise. Q&A activities.
Encourage student self-correction.
Audiolingual Method (maybe for professionals)
Particular emphasis was laid on mastering the building blocks of language and learning the rules for combining them.
Language learning is habit-formation.
Mistakes are bad and should be avoided, as they make bad habits.
Language skills are learned more effectively if they are presented orally first, then in written form.
Analogy is a better foundation for language learning than analysis.
The meanings of words can be learned only in a linguistic and cultural context.
Dialogues and drills are used.
Natural Approach (for beginners)
Emphase on vocabulary and lexicon.
Communication is important.
Errors are signs of developemntal processes.
Teacher present comprehensible input and keep low affective filter.
Total Physical Response (for beginners)
Total physical response (TPR) is a method developed by Dr. James J. Asher, a professor emeritus of psychology at San José State University, to aid learning second languages. The method relies on the assumption that when learning a second or additional language, language is internalized through a process of codebreaking similar to first language development and that the process allows for a long period of listening and developing comprehension prior to production. Students respond to commands that require physical movement. The method became popular in the 1970's and attracted the attention or allegiance of some teachers, but it has not received generalized support from mainstream educators.
Use L1 as teaching language. Pay attention to equivelant translation between L1 and L2.
Emphase prammatical rules and literary language, believing that literary language is superior to spoken language.
Emphase correct answer and memorizing vocabulory as well as paradigms.
Direct Method
Use L2 as teaching language. Use realia, pictures and panthomime to demostrate new words.
Focus on pronunciation and vocabulary but grammer is not considered very important.
Speech exercise is more important than writing exercise. Q&A activities.
Encourage student self-correction.
Audiolingual Method (maybe for professionals)
Particular emphasis was laid on mastering the building blocks of language and learning the rules for combining them.
Language learning is habit-formation.
Mistakes are bad and should be avoided, as they make bad habits.
Language skills are learned more effectively if they are presented orally first, then in written form.
Analogy is a better foundation for language learning than analysis.
The meanings of words can be learned only in a linguistic and cultural context.
Dialogues and drills are used.
Natural Approach (for beginners)
Emphase on vocabulary and lexicon.
Communication is important.
Errors are signs of developemntal processes.
Teacher present comprehensible input and keep low affective filter.
Total Physical Response (for beginners)
Total physical response (TPR) is a method developed by Dr. James J. Asher, a professor emeritus of psychology at San José State University, to aid learning second languages. The method relies on the assumption that when learning a second or additional language, language is internalized through a process of codebreaking similar to first language development and that the process allows for a long period of listening and developing comprehension prior to production. Students respond to commands that require physical movement. The method became popular in the 1970's and attracted the attention or allegiance of some teachers, but it has not received generalized support from mainstream educators.
2010年1月30日星期六
Teacher should not pay special attention to a small group of students. Teaher's obvious favor to some students will discourage the confidence of other students, who will therefore not be passionate to "meet the teacher's standards", gradually, those unfavored students lose inerest in learning and lag behind.
2010年1月17日星期日
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